Ecologies of Gold: Mining Landscapes of Johannesburg
Massive mine dumps, many upwards of 30 meters tall, have become landmarks of Johannesburg — or eGoli, "the place of gold," in Zulu. In the 1970s the gold mines moved from Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni to the rural areas of the Witwatersrand, and informal settlements began to occupy the vacant mining lands in the heart of the city.